Monday, December 29, 2008

In Honor of Majel Barrett Roddenberry

Learned the sad news of Majel Barrett's death when reading an obituary of Forrest J. Ackerman in the FT. I didn't know or know of Ackerman until I read the obit (although it sounds like his likeness got worked into not a few Ray Bradbury stories). But I did have the chance/honor to get Barrett's autograph when she was in Milwaukee for Gen Con in the early or mid-1990s.

Years later, I read a biography of Gene Roddenberry, and while I can't now recall the specifics, it was clear that Barrett was a key and crucial element to Star Trek and to Roddenberry grappling with his vision and getting it expressed. She was an unsung hero and a stalwart companion to the Great Bird of the Galaxy, perhaps the wind beneath his wings.

At the time I encountered her across a table briefly in the autograph line, her autograph seemed not that important; I didn't know anything about her except that she played Luxuana Troi and Nurse Chapel. But now, I appreciate that autograph much more because it represents more than just one actor's contribution to the mythos of Star Trek; it is a piece of the soul, the core that has been appreciated by so many all over the planet.

She died Dec. 18, 2008 at age 76.

Here is a link to her son's bio of her.

Friday, December 26, 2008

Issue 3: What is Love?

Milwaukee Anthropologist Issue 3 is now online.

Essays by Tina Kemp, Mary Vuk Sussman, and yours truly.

http://mkeanthro.blogspot.com/2008/12/intro-to-issue-3.html

Tuesday, December 2, 2008

Monday, December 1, 2008

Even better...or worse?

This fan spoof on YouTube.

Oh my God...

The new Star Trek trailer....adolescent Jim Kirk hijacks a convertible and flies it into the Grand Canyon!?!

Let's just say I'm already prepared to boo J.J. Abrams in the theater if this hits the fan as it looks like it will...

Tuesday, September 30, 2008

Friday, August 15, 2008

Milwaukee named "sexiest city"

No joke.

Marie Claire magazine made the claim.

Read the Journal story here.

Monday, August 11, 2008

Ursula Le Guin is brilliant

Recently I finished Ursula K. Le Guin's The Dispossessed, a science fiction novel published in 1974 that transcends any one genre and incorporates ideas and emotions from across the human spectrum.

It is a great work and a great read.

The story follows the life of one Shevek, a man who is an outcast among outcasts, an intuitively brilliant physicist of Einsteinian proportions, with a social conscience, who emerges within a self-exiled society of 20 million anarchists who inhabit one of the twin worlds of Alpha Centauri. These anarchists have developed a"nonauthoritarian communist" form of government--they do not call it such--where their ideal goal is honest, joyful work and service to the "social organism." They proclaim no property and their language lacks possessive pronouns. Sex and learning and laboring and family are eerily distant from and yet resonant with our own experiences. For after all, human beings are human beings.

Political and life events bring Shevek in a journey to the sister planet, one filled with "propetarians" and where everything is bought and sold. While his home planet is barren and dry, however, the twin planet is Earthlike, watery and bounteous and laden with culture and technology and pride but also political strife and gender and class inequality. Shevek journeys to the nation state analogous to the United States because the government there wants to develop dominating technology from the fruits of his research. He encounters culture shock and learns the many layers of this society strange to him, even as he reflects back upon the events and choices and changes that have determined his own life path. While there is a sort of plot of geopolitical intrigue, this remains background radiation: the focus remains on the man and his struggles within to be who he is.

Le Guin brings Shevek's past and his present into an elegant braid that reveals more and more as we read on, with pages packed with philosophical discussion couched within dramatic problems, physical and metaphysical speculation and cutting satire and culture commentary balanced with sex, soulful and painful journeys, and the poetics of human relationships defined as much by absence as by presence.

There is much to praise about this book, which I purchased at a rummage years ago but which sat on my bookshelves for too many years before I simply picked it up to read and could hardly set down over the past week.

There is a sense in which one has to be ready to appreciate this book, however, as I don't know that I could have read this even four or six years ago and both understood and appreciated it. I would have understood it--but not appreciated it the way I do at this moment in life.

While she does not need my commentary to legitimize the success of her work, I make this small mark to call attention to Le Guin's creation.

Friday, July 25, 2008

Doing it herself

Milwaukee blogger Karen Cinpinski of Play in the City is moving to her own enterprise, after having promoted Milwaukee for VISIT Milwaukee, according to her posting in mid-July 2008.

See her now at Between the Bars: Milwaukee, WI--There's more than just beer!

How true.

Clair de Lune on YouTube

Doctor Who Rose Doomsday Theme on YouTube

BayViewCompass.com

The Bay View Compass newspaper website is now theoretically online and updated. If there are any snafus, they are not my fault.

Milwaukee Anthropologist

June 21, I published Milwaukee Anthropologist: The Magazine of the Liberal Arts for General Audiences.

This is a quarterly publication whose objective is to bring voices together addressing broad questions of human import.

The first question was "What is Life?" and I encourage readers to peruse the thoughtful responses to the question at the site above.

I am now soliciting submissions for the second issue, due out Sept. 22, which should address the question, "What is Death?".

Essays don't have to be morbid and don't have to directly answer the question so long as they honestly and rigorously grapple with the theme.

If you are interested in contributing, see the magazine and contact me. The deadline for submissions is Sept. 1.

Future issues will address the following questions: What is Love? What is Freedom?

Saturday, July 19, 2008

Congratulations to Dr. Horrible creators

Joss Whedon's Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog online film delivers on its promise, and, because of the ending, quite a bit more.

Congratulations to the writers, actors, musicians, and filmmakers whose efforts brought the well-written concept to internet audiences.

A cross between Beauty & the Beast and Phantom of the Opera with more than a dash of kitschy sci-fi and pop-culture humor thrown in, the 45-minute film eyes our modern Western culture as a romantic setting fit for any tragedy or opportunity.

Told in three parts, the musical takes full advantage of editing to mingle different voices singing unique lyrics to the same theme at the same time but in different spaces. I was a little disappointed with the voice/mouth matching at some points, especially on Felicia Day's Penny in the Laundromat where the song-in-the-studio voice and the voice-off-the-boom-mic distinction seemed abrupt. But even the film version of Phantom of the Opera had these problems; I presume it is an unfortunate side-effect of converting a musical to film with modern technology.

The story follows Dr. Horrible, a.k.a. basement nerd Billy (played by Doogie Howser's Neil Patrick Harris), as he attempts to do something evil enough to get into to Bad Horse's Evil League of Evil, apparently his lifelong ambition. Like Felicia Day's The Guild webisodes, the story is framed and interspersed by webcam-like personal blog posts that Billy uploads to the internet. We discover there is a girl in his life, Penny (Felicia Day), whom he has met many times in the Laundromat but never talked to. The defining moment of his life in this story comes at the climax of Act I when Billy/Dr. Horrible is presented with the choice between his two objectives: complete a heist needed to meet his lifelong ambition or give attention to the girl of his dreams when she asks him to sign a petition to save a homeless shelter. He attempts to do both and so does neither. Instead, his arch-nemesis, Captain Hammer (Serenity/Firefly's Nathan Fillion), swoops to the rescue of Penny and interrupts Horrible's heist.

Act II includes perhaps the best music and singing in the film, the counterbalancing themes of Billy and Penny, with each voice speaking honestly to the way they see the world as a result of their attitudes and experiences. Billy's world is darkened by his failures; Penny's is tinged with hope at what good may lie within every individual despite their homeliness on the outside. The best (funniest and most meaningful and best performed) interchange in Act II comes as Billy attempts to woo Penny in the Laundromat with an obviously un-serendipitous frozen yogurt: falling in love with Captain Hammer, she observes that people have layers, to which Billy replies that yes they do but sometimes there's a third layer beneath the second layer that is the same as the first. She looks at him quizzically as he jabs a Spork into his leg. This moment, for me, was the epitome of taut writing and good acting perfectly placed within the story--a successful risk. By the end of Act II, Captain Hammer, who gets some of the best lines and whose Fillion has some of the best timing (i.e. "...The hammer--is my penis"), humorously but menacingly taunts Billy that he knows who he is and that he's going to go have sex with Penny just to spite him. After this, Billy truly becomes Horrible (but out of emotional reaction and not necessarily choice), bent on crossing the threshold he couldn't before--actually plotting to kill someone, in this case, Hammer.

The first two thirds are a fun romp, evocative and well-done but predictable. The third third, however, brings the entire story into focus with genuine emotional and reflexive punch usually reserved for productions that you have to pay money to see at a live performance--and no doubt difficult to accomplish in just 45 minutes. It subverts expectations and the story it tells is actually moving.

SPOILER ALERT

If we compare the story to the myths of our ancestors, however, the story actually is predictable--it is a story of thwarted desire and psychological transformation and mythic opposition where the fates deal stacked hands to mortal humans, who must choose whether to live as heroes or villains or something in between. Within our Hollywood mythos, however, where every adventure is neatly capped with a happy ending--overusing the structural resolution of the best of Shakespeare's comedies and romances--Dr. Horrible surprises. And it's clear its creators crafted the story to wow us in the end and resonate with our humanity, with two switches that make this film more than just something somebody threw together to see if it would work online.

Echoing our reality of celebrities and press conferences, Act III shows us a political and interpersonal landscape dominated by the foolish and charismatic, where people are thirsting for authority and identity and usually not prepared to take action into their own hands. The narrative pans out from the interpersonal love-triangle conflict to show us the effects Captain Hammers and Dr. Horribles and Pennys have on society at large. Captain Hammer has pressured the mayor into supporting Penny's homeless shelter and pompously takes the stage at the unveiling of a statue in his honor, singing his boorish but incisive reflection on the nature of his power. At the right moment, Dr. Horrible rips aside the veil and paralyzes Hammer with his freeze ray, capturing the audience and singing his lonely lament for how far society has fallen and how only his kind can save it through dictatorship. Horrible prepares to execute the frozen Hammer with his death ray, but predictably, his freeze ray fails at that moment, freeing Hammer. The two scuffle and the physically superior Hammer gains the advantage, takes the death ray, and prepares now to execute Horrible, while Penny huddles off-screen in the corner. He does what Horrible had not the opportunity to do: he pulls the trigger. This machine of Horrible's, too, backfires and sends Hammer flying across the room in fear. Nothing unexpected yet. The scene is staged so that we now expect resolution between Penny and Horrible, with whom the audience is sympathetic when he's Billy. But the first surprise is that the death ray fragments have shot across the room and mortally wounded Penny. Horrible hurries to her side. Felicia Day delivers a moving death scene (not quite as moving as Leonard Nimoy's Spock's in Star Trek II, but right up there;). Before her eyes go vacant, Penny still sees Horrible as Billy despite his mad-scientist outfit, but her last words are not to worry--Captain Hammer will save us. Here, the monster is born in pain and emotional repression and despair at having nothing else to live for--he has succeeded in killing and knows now what that means. While Hammer is reduced to a squeamish freak in costume reclining on a psychologist's couch, Horrible descends to take his place at Bad Horse's (played by an actual horse) table of the diabolical--that this happens, and so easily, is the second surprise. Our last glimpse into the Horrible world, however, is a brief webcam shot of Billy, removed of his Horrible clothing, more alone now than when he began his quest to join the league he now commands. His swelling Wagnerian song about his rise to totalitarian power ends in a pitiable whimper that offers no easy solutions.

Tuesday, July 15, 2008

Friday, May 23, 2008

Busted Bubbler

You don't see this every day...the culprits were cutting the grass and accidentally dinged the bubbler.


Photo by yours truly.

Friday, May 9, 2008

WATER Institute on NPR

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Great Lakes WATER Institute will be featured on the Friday, May 16 broadcast of NPR's Science Friday. I know these folks a little. They and the issues they discuss are important and interesting.

More on the broadcast here.

On Platypus Genome

Article on platypus genome.

Thanks to all those who dropped a note about this article.

Sunday, April 27, 2008

Mitsuwa Marketplace

Was invited by my Japanese friend to travel to Mitsuwa Marketplace north of Chicago today. He needed to buy some Japanese snacks for a class of fifth graders to whom he provides cultural enrichment. Gasoline-powered sojourn was worth it.

In the Japanese bookstore, I felt utterly illiterate as I am unable to read Japanese. Being there made for an interesting if alienating sensation of realizing how many different cultures and languages we have intersecting on this planet, and indeed, our country. And also of the utility of photography, graphic art, and the visual image for communication. It's possible to figure out what kinds of books and magazines you're looking at, but it wasn't possible for me to access any of the details of the text. It's like being in a completely alien or foreign environment. Very infrequently am I faced with situations where I cannot use my ability to read and understand language--in fact, this capacity is so much a part of my life and livelihood that it was emotionally significant how inaccessible all the Japanese was. I'm glad of the experience, though, for it is a lesson in humility and a stretch into trying to know, trying to learn.

Another highlight was catching up with some other old friends in the Chicago area, who I somewhat spontaneously invited to join us at the last minute--for shopping in the Japanese food store. What will probably be most memorable, however, was the roast duck soup from the Chinese place in the food court. It was good, and though I struggled through with chopsticks, I did manage to eat most (or at least quite a bit) of the soup. The roast duck itself was very good, but it would have been nice not to have the ribs and carcass of the duck also in the soup. I ate one or two relatively large bones in the process of trying to be polite company. Just goes to show how there is much to learn.

Thanks to all who made this Sunday a fun excursion into a strange, small corner of life.

Monday, April 21, 2008

Shorelines

We are attracted to shorelines. Those boundaries at once inconstant and incessant. We revel in the space to be seen above the sea, out away from land, inaccessible by feet but freeing to the traveling mind. We play in the wind and sand and froth, delight and lament the wind that takes heat from the land, slowly deposits heat in the sea.

Humans seek out shorelines, boundaries, interfaces, confluences, edges, membranes. Among solid and liquid, liquid and gaseous, spiritual and inert, sacred and profane. And there--there at those interminable fractal shorelines--there does life take root, move and settle and sway. The boundary is incubator, but more than that, the fragile sliver of emergence, where the life happens, where the living congregate, how we all move together.

If we should be constituents of an intracosmic body, a macroorganism of our own making, then we ought sensitize to shorelines. For these are the natural confines from which life began and to which life returns, homing with vestigial instinct and open longing and unknowable hope. These lines are never the same, they live on a different scale, and perhaps we shall learn from such patterns.

Wednesday, April 16, 2008

Monday, March 31, 2008

More on Symbiogenesis

This post won't do the extended discussion on symbiogenesis justice, but since I took the Acquiring Genomes back to the library today, it will have to suffice.

I want to draw a connection between Margulis' idea of how biological complexity evolved and how species developed with the human-scale social and cultural world. If we use symbiogenesis as a new--or another--paradigm with which to perceive narratives among our observations, I think it has much value.

First, it seems political and historical phenomena like corporate acquisitions, corporate mergers, or liquidations (even these terms are etymologically evocative of bodies consuming, dividing, replicating, merging) follow similar behavior protocols as Margulis and Sagan suggest organisms do. There is a punctuated equilibrium in the business world--companies in niche proximity may exist for some time doing whatever they are doing, well or poorly, until a moment of contact with a competitor. Then after certain discrete tipping points, they become one--"one" composed of the somewhat digested parts of their "many." For example, the local St. Francis Bank was last year acquired by MidAmerica Bank, which was this year acquired by National City Bank. In just the past few years Ameritech was absorbed into SBC which was absorbed into AT&T. Microsoft wants to take over Yahoo. NewsCorp ate up the Wall Street Journal. Subsidiaries are everywhere, and I do not think we often think about the meta- or macro-organisms comprising the socioeconomic realm. At least not in this way. Corporations--literally bodies composed of parts--are the actors on today's economic world stage. Their semipermeable membranes are to be accessed mainly on electronic scales, information scales, rather than only in the physical world. These flexible body boundaries overlap and subsume invisible but parallel sociopolitical boundaries, the invisible lines of nation-states themselves composed of principalities merging and allying or subjugated. It is a fascinating realm of life composed of the individual and willful activities of organisms of other, inclusive or overlapping scales that comprise the multiple functions of such macroorganisms of state and business and culture. I have by no means adequately demonstrated the extent of the analogy, but I hope the reader will appreciate the direction of the analogy, which may be much more than mere analogy.

It seems to me that symbiogenesis offers a different way of viewing life on all scales. Perhaps a product of its time, but probably independent enough from any time, it emphasizes the relationships among different life forms as the way to understand the meaning and organization and origin of life. I think that lesson exists on the human/cultural scale as well as the microbiological; if we view our human bodies as historical emergent communities instead of chemical-processing machines, perhaps this can help us to better understand sickness and how to approach illness. Perhaps this may help us to better celebrate the wonder of the body--that it exists at all with any kind of integrity. How often do we enjoy each fart, appreciating that it is the healthy byproduct of bacteria coexisting in our gut? How often do we consider the matter/energy transfer that occurs every time we eat anything--that apple, that salami--which truly equates what we "are" with what we "eat"? From a strictly materialistic standpoint, this is almost perfectly true (we are of many things, each with a tangled history--the stars, the soil, the seas, the air). We should be frankly amazed at homeostasis, especially considering it may historically have resulted from the literal communion of different, individual organisms--not only the survival of one species but the integrated survival of many in new forms.

Lastly for this post, I also see the application of symbiogenesis as an idea useful in explaining aspects of the politically active realm. The idea of political movements coalescing membership, aligning individuals toward specific goals has often evoked for me the sense of cellular mission or bacterial directive--I've seen on PBS a scientist at the Princeton Institute for Advance Study demonstrating the chemical communication relays of bacteria. When the bacteria are not under stress, they behave as individuals, just hanging around; when stimulated by a chemical alarm signal, they react in unison, with pathological force and multiplied effect. There remains or exists or has evolved within human individuals and human communities a similar, possibly trans-vestigial, hunger for, susceptibility to, and satisfaction in community networks. When political and sports analysts alike talk of "momentum" they are not reporting any physical phenomenon yet they are reporting empirical evidence--an arena may be riveted on what a charismatic speaker or an exceptional athlete will do next, and there is an energy in communal attention that is describable and somatic, if not actually shared among many bodies. While humans have evolved within clan-based social hierarchies, some 20th and 21st century democratic movements seem to me to suggest an actual harmonious unity among groups with a common cause that are not adequately described in terms of fictive clan structure. Some of us seem to be aligning, or magnetized, or gravitating into semi-cohesive sociopolitical networks whose final identities and functions remain unclear. For punctuated equilibrium seems appropriate in describing the historical phenomena known to have been affected by such masses of humanity: The civil rights movement, while a continuous struggle, achieved discrete victories and suffered discrete defeats. Its bold spokespersons were assassinated. Yet the cultural environment changed as a result of legal and social action. Today the coalitions of politics are many and varied, but the individual agents within various movements each participate in collective actions no individual could obtain without the flexibility and massiveness of the network. This is at once an extremely hopeful and extremely fearful line to tread, in my observation: hopeful, because to participate in democracy in such a way is to truly and actively trust other human beings; fearful, because not only may that trust be unfounded or betrayed, but the collective participation raises the silent question of at what point does the individual subsume into the whole and abdicate his choice? This seems an academic and esoteric question, but consider the pace at which our technology--and our relationship with technology--is accelerating. What is a cell phone but a cellular transmitter and receiver, isolating an individual by consigning him to a cellular role even as it connects that individual via messages to and from other cells, but also from a whole neither seen nor understood? The internet is functionally analogous, especially as it grows more accessible in wi-fi and to phones. Corporations and polities and movements and ideologies are all expanding their networks as new means become available. As they do, and as individuals also increasingly make use of new tools, the question may be less whether we can resist forming a macroorganism but what kind of macroorganism it is going to be.

Wednesday, March 26, 2008

Transhumanism Already Here?

I am very tired so I won't be able to expound as much or as cogently as I hope myself of the future will, but I just clicked on an online news video about a protein that "blinds" sperm, making them unable to recognize an egg. It is being developed as a male contraceptive.

In weeks past, I've been hearing many ads for a procedure known as essure, which injects little expanding metal springs into a woman's Fallopian tubes to block them and thus resulting in birth control.

While "transhumanism" is still thought of as something beyond what we are right now as a species, it is all too common to consider the many little steps being taken to subtly but fundamentally alter the nature of the human species. Something about the nature of birth control, especially these sophisticated biologically manipulative measures, seems to cut to the core of the kinds of alterations being done more and more routinely to human bodies--of humans who have the economic or cultural means to access them, further segregating them from those who lack those means. While artificial limbs become more and more adept and beneficial for war and dismemberment victims and as MIT professors talk about having sex with robots, one might wonder what happened to the narrative warning bells of the great science fiction writers of the 20th (and even 19th) century. Have we forgotten them or have we not read them? Or, do we feel we are superior to the open-ended moral arguments they posited uniquely and in many ways prophetically? Have we read or forgotten our Frankenstein? Our Brave New World? Or even our Jurassic Park (book, not movie).

I cannot here say that technology is wrong or bad. I don't believe it falls into that category--or can. And I don't believe that moral categories, even when functional, are absolute or discrete. But I do think that when we have commentators smiling and nodding about new birth control technologies, their slick accepting presentation about technological and sexual progress belies a slippery slope of possibility, some of it downright dystopic. As we as a species continue to refine and develop and enterprise new technologies, especially those which modify or augment the functioning of the human mind or body more or less directly, I argue it is important to seek a sounder, more whole understanding of what we are and are not already at present--prior to the choice of whether or not to use uncertain technologies. And I argue this better self-knowledge should inform such choices, which, though wrapped in the sugar-coating of medical discourse authority, are genuinely profound choices about the nature of what is human and what is good. This criticism may place me in the Luddite camp and it may seem ultraconservative. And I hope my fears in this regard are only ever demonstrated as fears of the unknown. But I wonder if we are even thinking in these terms. I wonder what other thresholds we cross silently in the night. I wonder about the future of the species. And I wonder about the presupposed value, which appears to underline research of this nature, of separating sexuality from fertility.

Monday, March 24, 2008

Sir Arthur C. Clarke Dies

Clarke's (1917-2008) Obit

I cannot adequately eulogize the man--the writer, the thinker--at this moment, but Arthur C. Clarke was an exemplary human. He should be remembered. He would probably not wish to be mourned, however.

Sunday, March 16, 2008

On Symbiogenesis

I recently finished reading a wholly remarkable book.

It is one of the most fascinating and dangerous books I've ever read, and although there is a lot of time to come in this century, it may prove to be one of the seminal classics defining the 21st century: Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species by Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan (Basic Books: 2002).

I've been itching to comment on this book since I started this Web log, but I wanted to finish it first. Every thinking person should read this book.

Why the high praise? Several reasons. Margulis and Sagan, a mother and son scientist team, outline a theory to explain the source of heritable variation and to explain how speciation, the evolution of new species from existing species, occurs.

Students of the liberal arts may at first suspect foul play here—for we been taught that these are no longer valid questions. We have been taught that heritable variation mostly stems from random mutations, with phenotypic utility or not, which accumulate over time in those organisms selected by nature to survive and successfully reproduce. We have been taught that speciation occurs when populations of species, often if isolated geographically or at least reproductively, undergo genetic drift as a result from specific environmental circumstances which result, over time, in segregated populations which can no longer viably reproduce fertile offspring because they are no longer genetically similar enough. (I recall a quiz in a human origins college course in which we were asked to describe how genetic drift as a result of geographic isolation might result in the evolution of two distinct species from one founding population. With deference and respect to Professor Axelrod, who administered the quiz, and with my apologies if I am failing to remember the question correctly, I have to admit there was a tiny little bell in the back of my head that sounded even at the time—while speciation by geographic isolation seemed logical enough (Madagascan lemurs come to mind as stereotypes easily lumped into this category without sufficient follow-up thought as to the actual hows), I wondered then about how many Madagascar-like isolated environments would be required to fill the planet with the biodiversity it has now and has had in the past. I wondered, also, why this was even a question worthy of asking undergraduates because on the one hand it seemed so plain that speciation must occur in such a way (having denounced Lamarck conceptually in high school biology, how else could it?) and on the other, it seemed awfully curious why we didn't have current-day examples of isolated populations resulting in observable speciation over the past 200 years, while biological science in some form has been watching (dog breeds and pea plants being examples of variation within a species rather than development of different species—as popular culture will inform us, a Doberman can still hump a Chihuahua).* It seemed, then, that speciation was a thing of the past, that we couldn't put our finger on recent examples of organisms directly traced to their historical ancestor. It seemed that speciation was observable only across geological timescales, and, as it is impressive and daunting to think across geological timescales, I didn't rigorously question this premise as I now feel empowered to, as I am outside the academic establishment.**

What Margulis and Sagan say is this: "We do not deny the importance of mutations. Rather we insist that random mutation, a small part of the evolutionary saga, has been dogmatically overemphasized. The much larger part of the story of evolutionary innovation, the symbiotic joining of organisms (similar, if we extend the printing analogy, to the fusion of texts in plagiarism or anthologies) from different lineages, has systematically been ignored by self-proclaimed evolutionary biologists."

They link their idea, dubbed symbiogenesis, with the punctuated equilibrium concept popularized by Stephen Jay Gould.***

I want to quote a bit more from them before continuing the discussion as to why I feel their thesis is highly significant not only within biology but also in various wider human spheres of thought and action.

Margulis and Sagan: "No evidence in the vast literature of heredity change shows unambiguous evidence that random mutation itself, even with geographical isolation of populations, leads to speciation."

I haven't searched the literature myself, but I'm accepting their qualification about "unambiguous" evidence and linking their claim to my misgivings about those Madagascan lemurs (and even, as the authors discuss, Darwin's famous Galapagos finches, which are heavily studied today and observed to undergo significant genetic drift within species but have not demonstrated actual speciation despite significant environmental shifts).

One more direct quote from the book to set the stage. This one describes what they advance as the primary mode of speciation, symbiogenesis, which highlights the role of bacteria and other microbes in the totality of the evolutionary narrative of all life.

Margulis and Sagan: "From different vantages this poorly known idea can be gleaned: The agents of evolutionary change tend to be fully alive organisms, microbes, and their ecological relations, not just the random mutations these microbes have inside them. The formation and diversification of any new species is the outward manifestation of the actions of subvisible forms of life: the smallest microbes, bacteria, their larger descendants, the larger microbes, protists, and fungi, along with their intracellular legacies, organelles such as mitochondria and centrioles. Evolution emerges from the fact that these small living organisms and their progeny tend to outgrow their bounds."

They argue the main source of heritable variation for any given organism comes from the genomes of other organisms, which have historically come to be so related to others that a merging occurs. Natural selection determines if such mergers are successful.

The authors are explicit about their disagreement with mainstream evolutionary science. "No visible organism or group of organisms is descended 'from a single common ancestor,'" Margulis and Sagan write. The "common ancestor" concept is no doubt familiar to all who studied any evolutionary science at just about any level. Although "missing link" is usually frowned upon as a term about common ancestors, in effect, that's what common ancestors are viewed as—portions of the evolutionary tree whose identities are not yet fully understood and from which various extant species can trace their lineage. Margulis and Sagan replace the idea of an evolutionary tree that only branches outward with one that not only branches but also fuses as evolution occurs. If they are more correct than not, and they provide much evidence to support their theory, theirs is an exciting idea.

There's much more I want to discuss on this topic, but the discussion will have to continue in part II because this post has been sitting around for over a week and now I just want to get it up here.

*It should be noted that man's domestication of the wolf is pretty darn fascinating.

**As an aside, I think the inability of mainstream evolutionary scientists to point to current-day examples of speciation may be one reason that creationists, and their intelligent design brethren, remain able to sway converts despite the religiosity of their appeals. In the current educational paradigm, it's still too easy to view evolution as something that happened in the past, but which is too hard to observe today. Because science at its best is empirical, this was a public relations weakness for proponents of evolution by natural selection in general. As a member of the media, I can also appreciate the need for a contextual appositive—(i.e. "…speciation, for example as we see from organism X evolving from organism Y, is based on empirical evidence…).

***As another aside, punctuated equilibrium was very much taught in my classrooms, usually as opposed to gradualism. Why this concept never came to be linked in my mind to greater curiosity about the nature of speciation is somewhat curious, but probably attributable to the need to digest various textbooks in short order and to the lack of competing voices that complicate the discussion like those of Margulis and Sagan.

Timmtrek 2008 Photos

http://picasaweb.google.com/tonyart/Hunt

Thanks to my friend Tony, who uploaded photos from my camera and his to the above link. This year's scavenger hunt went well.
Thanks to all who participated.

Friday, March 7, 2008

Who first fried cheese? and other questions

Who first fried cheese? Who began domesticating the wolf? Who figured out how to make cheese—or let cheese be made? Who was the first man to shave? Who figured out potatoes?

The hungry. The brilliant. The bold.


Other questions

How do electromagnetic waves propagate without a medium? How did our ancestors make it across the Atlantic without puking their guts out? Do animals make choices?


Old ponderings

I wrote the following years ago but think the questioning is worth posting now, despite the shortcomings in the argumentation.

Dendritic patterns, trees branching, rivers gathering, brain cells organizing, they're all going toward or away some prime mover. In the case of trees, they branch toward the sun. Rivers branch together as a function of gravity. These fractals are "naturally" occurring, but consider the analogous structure their form might have to variables outside the context of their form itself. Observe a river branching from infinitely many water sources toward one ocean, observe intently and track every tributary and measure the weatherability of the soil, and you will never come up with a theory of gravity. You will come up with a theory of downstream and that all water flows downstream. You will not intuit the force of gravitation. Similarly, observe a tree branching out in fractal flow. Observe intently and track every leaf and branch. You will never come up with a sense of the star that is Earth's sun. You will not intuit the presence of a single star radiating light onto the daylight existence of the tree.

Yet our theories maintain that rivers flow according to the force of gravity and that trees branch in order to maximize their receipt of sunlight.

Can this mean that our appreciation for other fractal patterns is lacking some outside understanding either driving or attracting the pattern constituents to their form? What lies outside our appreciation of chaos theory that might accommodate such a sense of a more whole understanding of how apparently chaotic systems behave? What can answer why they behave so?

That is, to say that there is some greater fractal topography to the universe leaves the question open as to what provides a "prime mover" for such patterns. What essential force is left out? What belies the surface of fractal topography?

What is the sun? What is the Earth's core?

Must this link science and philosophy?

Tuesday, March 4, 2008

Brett Favre Retires

The day Brett Favre retired is like Sept. 11, 2001 in two respects: It is one of those days when an utterly mundane setting suddenly becomes memorable because it is only in one place and at one time—Where were you when you learned Favre retired?—that one learns news of such cultural magnitude. And, both moments leave in their wake a kind of painful, mournful communal resonance. We feel a common wounding, as though we are all connected through common knowledge of the event—and through our emotional reaction to knowledge that the way forward no longer includes something previously held both sacred and stable.

Whether or not there exists a collective soul, the sadness, the suddenness, and the irrevocableness of moments like these are at once striking and bonding.

A Quick Word on Favre

Humility. Excellence. Perseverance. Teamwork. These attributes ring false like some faded motivational management posters hanging in a sterile office hallway between the water cooler and the fake plants. Yet these words are actual and potent when referenced with the human named Brett Favre, because for Favre, they were absolutely true. Through the medium of the television, the feats of his play were shared with a massive fictive family who believed in his ability, his drive, his resilience, his spirit. And we were repaid for that belief with both touchdowns and interceptions, but also those moments of pure magic.

On this day when Favre retires, it is as though an old friend has died. What he means and meant to us will pass from the present tense—the seemingly always mythic—into the pages of memory and legend. An era has ended.

The memory of Favre will now define the shape of some things to come for the Packer nation and beyond. We are no longer tethered to his glorious past nor to his seemingly perpetual youth. We are cut free, free to grow old and become our own heroes. Free to remember him and those memories associated with his greatness, placing those memories into a different category than we might have yesterday. For the world is new. As it is every moment of every day, but which moments and days like this one clarify. Let us take the moment to celebrate the memory of Favre and how he brought so many people together.

What an athlete. What a culture hero. What a human being.

Monday, February 18, 2008

The All-Consuming Fractal

As I was researching the publishing industry earlier today, I dipped my toes into the great frothing sea of imprints. Although I am by no means an expert, I am reading about how in the commercial publishing world, to be crass but almost accurate, basically two or three companies own everything. Their imprints, or sort of subsidiary companies that are part of the great big mother company, each have their own little logos. These logos are often found on the spines of books. And, like brands for other products, once you sensitize yourself to them, it's amazing how ubiquitous they are.

For me, these were invisible until I started actively searching for them to compare who's published by whom. But once I started looking, the bookshelves were dominated by congenial orange and black penguins, stoic Grecian archers, horny roosters, flaming buildings, iconic pond surfaces rippling after a stone has been tossed in, and, of course, the happy-go-lucky leaping "Borzoi."

For the major publishing houses, the organizational structure of the imprints evokes some convoluted family tree of interbreeding European royalty. Or the logic tree for an algorithm with at least three nested loops. With one end result being the appearance of greater publishing house heterogeneity than actually exists, at least from a financial perspective.

With the imprints jumping out at me now like William Gibson's brand-allergic Cayce, only without the vomiting, I am also reminded of the human heraldic impulse that finds corollaries in other branches of the biological kingdom. The marking impulse often is connected with using what you've got that you can afford to leave behind but which is unmistakably yours. Urine, feces, spittle, and pheromones all come to mind as biological markers. For the tool-bearing ape, spray paint, permanent marker, keys, and pocketknives seem to serve a similar purpose. For humans in the publishing and advertising industry, it's the corporate logo. The message content remains the same: "We were here. This is ours. Watch out."

I'm also reminded of the work of my archaeology professor, Katina Lillios, now at the University of Iowa, whose work investigating the possible meaning of Copper Age Portuguese slate plaques pondered the limits of proto-heraldry. A cursory Web search (http://www.uiowa.edu/~anthro/lillios.shtml) shows me that she has a new book on the subject coming out August 2008, Heraldry for the Dead: Memory, Identity, and the Engraved Stone Plaques of Neolithic Iberia, printed by the University of Texas Press—not one of those corporate giants that predominates the commercial publishing industry—and which has also published another book I'm reading, Gary Urton's Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records.

Back to my personal experience, I want to concisely conclude with an imagine-this anecdote.

Imagine it: How every book that exists anywhere is tagged with the story of how it came to be published, how every publishing house evolved its current fluctuating identity, how particular histories and politics commingled to birth physical artifacts of paper and ink, how these connections pervade material and emotional reality, how each moment—like each book—is a jutting-into-the-now infinitely tangled with all past moments necessary for such a state to exist, how books form plateaus of human accessibility across scales of meaning that generate an atemporal narrative—you don't need to know their convoluted and jutting and invisible histories to apprehend their meaning—and how this imagined all-consuming fractal seethes within every experience whether reflected upon or not.

Sunday, February 17, 2008

Facing the Big Thief

Greetings,

My name is Michael Timm. I am a writer and this is my Web log, PlatypusFound.

I have resisted this form of communication for some time, for various reasons. Among them is fear of exposure—that words published here would be used against me. I recently reread a portion of the Chuang Tzu, however, that encouraged me to take this risk: "The one who's earned a name for 'knowing' has really just been storing goods for the Big Thief…What the world calls a knowing person is merely one who piles up goods for the Big Thief, right? And what the world calls a sage is just the Big Thief's guard."

The Big Thief.

This passage is from a section titled "Baggage Gets Stolen." It occurred to me that I have been fearing the "Big Thief" out there who will steal my ideas, my words, and use them against me. One strategy with which to confront such a fear is, as the Chuang Tzu author identifies, to bind your luggage even more tightly, locking it with more locks and lashes. While this makes it more difficult for a thief to rip open, it makes it much easier for a thief to pick up and haul off. So, I asked myself, have I been fearing the Big Thief by not balling up to publishing something like a Web log? Is that a rational fear or an irrational fear, as Agent Scully might ask? And what action would be appropriate given my character and my life goals in the face of such an identified fear?

While the context of the two works is different, and I am taking the Chuang Tzu passage a bit out of context in my above interpretation, it reminds me of the parable of the burying of the talents where Jesus Christ reportedly relates the tale of an investor who doled out talents, money, to several people. One used his talents, reaping dividends over time, and another buried them, fearing he lose them. Although the burier acted to conserve what he had been given, he was scolded for not investing what he had been given. No life occurred.

So the point I was trying to make is this: perhaps by not publishing a Web log I have been burying my talents and tying up my luggage too tightly, keeping it close to my chest, keeping it where it can't be stolen. And maybe this isn't the only or the best way to live or write.

Of course, perhaps unfortunately, by publishing anything online I can't just wade into the water—anyone with a computer and internet access could stumble upon these words and peer into one window of my life. That's a risk. That's a pretty Big Thief.

Thus, I will still take certain measures to protect my identity, despite venturing into the permanent cyberspace archive that is indefinitely cached somewhere by someone at some time and perhaps for all time and thus for anyone.

In this introductory and confessional posting, I'd also like to reflect upon the writing that I have written to date. Recently, I glanced with genuine pride at the many volumes of notebooks I have accrued, filled with words written by my own hand. Some of the writing is personal, some is specious, some is descriptive or recordkeeping; other writing is inventive, funny, creative. It is my personal history. When I look upon most of these words, I can transport myself to my state of mind when they were written; I can access memory and thought and image and emotion latent or hidden or cached within the structures of my mind—perhaps arranged in patterns made possible by the quantum fluctuations within my brain's neurons and perhaps metaphysically real despite our current inability to map the contours of non-material existence. These notebooks are precious to me. I would not want them splattered across the internet for anyone to casually peruse—for how could the depth of personal historical sensation be replicated in another's mind? (As a sidebar, one of the neat things about communication, when successful, is that a concord between two or more persons seems to exist—a sort of spontaneous macroscopic neuronic bridge that did not exist before—and so perhaps among certain persons in certain circumstances, something very much like the richness of current-self-relating-to-past-self is not only possible but perhaps also desired and perhaps also ought to be sought, either for its own sake or for the sake of the macroscopic structure that we as its small potential constituents cannot quite yet comprehend.) I would look on this Web log as an extension of those notebooks, but ready to be shared in the public domain (in this statement I do not mean to abrogate any copyright; I retain copyright on all material published at PlatypusFound; I simply refer to the public accessibility of these words as opposed to the private accessibility of my hard-copy notebooks). I wish I could claim I do this selflessly, on behalf of any and all potential or actual readers. Right now, I do not feel this is the case. I publish this Web log selfishly in the sense that I do not desire nor expect any particular audience, though I would be flattered by any or all general audiences.

That's another reason I shied away from Web log publishing in the past—when I write I take audience into account, but how can a writer take every Web-accessing human being on the planet into account as an audience? As Homo sapiens, having evolved within clan-based social structures, I argue we are not yet adequately prepared to, as a species, compassionately and proactively love all. And by loving all, I mean, in a certain way, write for everyone as an audience. For is not writing loving in the sense of funneling one's personal energy toward a specific audience with a specific purpose—creating a narrative to be shared, perhaps with meaning or meanings exchanged? I think we have and have had some exemplary examples of individuals who might justifiably claim they unconditionally love all or love well (or more likely, others would claim this on their behalf). And we have some groups of individuals who also approach very good ends. But we're imperfect. And perhaps more importantly, on some important levels we seem to be finite. And while I do not theoretically disagree with a global all-loving ethics, I'm concerned that we are—or perhaps I should claim only that I am—not good enough at loving local humans to skip them and love instead the idea of all humans globally. This is a tricky point and I'm not sure I have made it or even if it's the point I want to make, but I'll stand by it for now. The point I wanted to make as relates to writing for an audience is that there's a wind-tunnel, echo-chamber danger in Web log publishing. Here are the dilemma horns: A writer attracts those interested and energetic few supporters or detractors who reinforce or oppose his opinions with or without sound argumentation or provocative thought, or, a writer encounters an empty room devoid of listeners, reinforcing the abysmal loneliness that looms below the precipice he naturally always walks along when catering words to no specific audience at all.

One might ask: What's the point?

To this Web log, or to life in general, depending on one's disposition.

At this point in time, my motivation remains what it has been when I write that which I remain proudest of and happiest with: to write for myself. I am my target audience. I, and myself of the future. I cannot adequately fathom all of you who may at some point read this. I cannot fully appreciate your subjectivity, at least not right now. And I write to deepen my own personal connection with myself and with the world, and sometimes, with other persons. So that will continue to be my goal on these pages.

Many anthropologists, and some philosophers, consider that we human beings exist in a universe devoid of meaning except that meaning which we create. I agree that we human beings create meaning, our own meaning, our own meanings. I am not now ready to agree that no other meaning exists or can exist. But clearly, this Web log is one of my attempts to create meaning and deepen the significance of what I mean. This sounds like gibberish, but no doubt some of you will sense what I am meaning to say. In this sense, I do hope, and at least suspect, that some potential or actual readers will find this meaningful. And in this very real sense, my writing here is not purely selfish. I anticipate readers, audiences, who resonate with the ideas and modes negotiated by my words. And I am happy to spur spontaneous macroscopic neuronic bridges with you, all of you.

There will be some challenges along the way.

One I anticipate is guarding against falling into criticism. Criticism is often easy for those who, like me, whether fortunately or unfortunately, feel they possess a certain intelligence about the way the world works or at least about the way it might work. Like good editing, good criticism is valuable. Yet not all criticism is useful, for the critic or the criticized. And here I mean to express that the greater danger for me is not in being criticized but rather in criticizing without counterbalancing creativity. There are things and persons which anger me from time to time—I am a human being and emotional response is part of life as a human being as I understand it. How I react to that anger or frustration or distaste will be interesting to observe. It is not my goal to use this Web log for explicitly political discussion. This is not because I find political discussion always problematic or not useful. It is because, in my observation, political discussion too often degenerates into polarizing political bickering. I don't know about you, but polarizing political bickering often saps me of energy—even if I am not involved in whatever political dispute is being argued. I venture to speculate that this is because in political discussion, various parties begin with their premises established and proceed from certain premises that they are not willing to negotiate, although everything else becomes negotiable. In part because certain bedrock political assumptions remain outside of the discursive realm—they remain locked luggage—resultant discussions achieve an isolating quality rather than an inclusive one. It is war—offense and defense—rather than curiosity. It should be noted that polarizing political bickering is not limited to politics per se. Thus, the mode of discourse will be a challenge, though I make no claim that I will not from time to time enter into potentially polarizing political discussion—only that on some level I hope I will believe that such discussion genuinely has the potential to encourage more inclusion than isolation.

Some discussion lends itself to feeling of right or wrong. Another reason I had previously rejected publishing a Web log is that from a certain perspective Web logs by their very nature seem to erode epistemological foundations of truth. They do this, it seems to me, in two ways. First, because often we as readers will not always know how Web log authors know something to be true. As a journalist, this is why I am critical of many Web logs—we don't always have a source citation or rational argumentation. How do we know? is not prioritized while Look what I know is. The other way they destabilize truth is through attrition—that repetition of an idea is equivalent to the idea's fitness. This claim is complicated because from an evolutionary perspective fitness is equivalent to reproductive fitness. On the internet, where reproduction and survival of offspring are much more easy than in the biological world, an easily and oft-copied idea gains traction regardless of its actual truth value. I have always believed that this is also one of the inherent dangers in a democratic society—what some have called the tyranny of the majority. Anyone who has been to grade school where children form playground coalitions can probably relate. Just because the mob says it is so does not make it so. (As a sidebar, this is also a weakness in our judicial system—that the decision of 12 social peers based on the argumentation of two lawyers should determine the future of someone accused of a crime, although it is also arguably a strength of the same system.) What the internet and Web logs allow even more easily than a democratic society is the advancement of popular or easily-promoted ideas, often at the expense of logical ones. Logic is not the end-all on the many roads to or from truth, but it is a useful tool to have along the way. As a philosopher, I will not here offer an authoritative account of truth, but as a journalist I do believe certain things are true and certain things are not true. When, like invasive species, popular ideas crowd out a natural plurality of ideas, especially true ideas, then I think there is a problem in the discussion. Our culture, and our internet culture, suffers from a high degree of metastasis. While in terms of themselves, there is nothing wrong with cancer cells—they're just doing what they do, and well, better than their neighbors—from the perspective of the living body, there is disease. I do not oppose popular ideas on the basis of their popularity—for there is a reason they are popular. But popularity is only one measure of fitness in the internet jungle and I think it is a mistake to automatically conflate popularity and truth, as I feel is easily implicit using this medium of the 21st century, the internet.

While libraries and publications organize information according to some rational human-decided principle—we might even call such systems rational narratives—information "on the internet" is organized in a substantially different way—according to a relational narrative determined by computerized assumptions of specific human desires. That is, we type something into Google that we think is like what we want to learn and the addresses of Web sites incorporating some aspect of what we've typed are shown to us for a finer-tuned selection process. The addresses most likely have nothing to do with the information content itself, unlike in most rational human-decided organizational systems—it's some aspect of their content that connects with our search term, limited and striped-down as it may be. We might consider the organizing principle of the internet to be self-organizing—almost a living narrative. Although it has become the norm, this process is, considered from a step back, quite amazing. It is also not without its flaws, as any researcher knows. Past internet searches of mine remind me of that truth sung by the Rolling Stones: "You can't always get what you want, but if you try sometimes, you just might find you get what you need." Fortunately or unfortunately, in my experience, Google et al. also often lead to the converse—you get what you want, you stop trying, and you don't get what you need.

It is my hope that PlatypusFound offers a little bit of everything. It is my hope it reflects at once upon the diversity and unity of the human experience. I will offer book recommendations, pose questions, ponder answers, and suggest connections. We are still learning how to use the internet as the medium of the 21st century, and indeed even how it might be used. I also am learning.

It is also a plan of mine to create a Web-based magazine of the liberal arts for general audiences. I still have not decided exactly how this will work. But I think it will start by asking various people, expert voices within various disciplines, the question pondered by Erwin Schrödinger: What is Life?

As a final historical note for the record, I am not ashamed to admit the tangential role a certain female has played in inspiring me to publish PlatypusFound as a Web log at this particular point in time. While searching for Debussy's "Clair de Lune" on YouTube, which I like to play in the background on my computer, I came across a YouTube link to The Guild, a Webisode produced and written by Felicia Day. The Guild features an online gaming community that meets in real life. Hilarity ensues. I was taken by the lovely, talented, intelligent, and good-humored Day, who also acts in the show, and discovered her Web log, The Flog. This, among other things, convinced me that this mode of communication can't be all bad, and might actually be good—feeling inspired by a person who I've never met but who has used the internet as a creative medium through which to express that which is good about herself and interesting about her experiences—and so it is with a small degree of confidence that I enter the field.

Big Thief beware.